Computers are considered as the most important electronic device in today’s life. Nowadays, human civilization wants every single operation to be computerized. From medical, travel, education to shopping, we are using computers. But there is a wide history of the development of computers. It includes different Vacuum tubes were used as the principal electronic components in the first generations of computers. A large amount of space was occupied by these computers. Speed was normally measured in milliseconds. ![Computers Computers](/uploads/1/2/6/0/126061459/415877616.jpg)
The first generation of computers had a limited storage capacity to store data, magnetic drums were used for storing data. For input and output operations, punched cards were used. The first generation of computers generated more heats. A huge amount of electricity was consumed. Basically, machine languages were used to program the first generations of computers. These computers were limited to solving one problem at a time. UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. The first generations of computers were very costly. Speed was normally measured in microseconds. The heat was reduced marginally as compared to the first generations of computers. Processing speed and reliability had improved remarkably. Magnetic tapes besides punch cards were also used for input-output operations in the second generation of computers. A huge improvement of storage capacity. Assembly languages were used to program the second generations of computers. The second generations of computers consumed lower electricity and space compared to the first generation of computers. IBM 1620, UNIVAC 1108 etc are some example of the second generation of computers. The speed of computation was normally measured in nanoseconds. They occupied less storage and consumed less electricity. Monitors, line printers, magnetic tapes etc were used as the primary input-output device. This generation’s computers were smaller in size, reliable, and efficient. Some important concepts like remote processing, time-sharing, multiprogramming operating system were introduced in the second generation of computers. High-level programming languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL etc were used to program the computers. ![Computers Computers](/uploads/1/2/6/0/126061459/599466612.png)
They generated less heat and required less maintenance. IBM-360 series, Honeywell-6000 series etc are some example of the third generation of computers. Computers of the fourth generation used microprocessor chip i.e. the entire CPU is combined on a single small silicon chip. The speed was measured in nano and picoseconds. The fourth generation of computers occupied lesser space. They are programmed using the high-level languages such as C, C++ etc. They were relatively cheap, reliable, portable and also more powerful and affordable than older generations. In the fourth generation of computers, time-sharing, real-time networks and distributed operating system were used. They were commonly available as personal computers. From the concept of the microprocessor, mini and microcomputers were also developed. DEC 10, STAR 1000 are some of the examples of fourth generations of computers. In the fifth generation of computers, the super large scale integration (SLSI) chips were used and it introduced the concept of supercomputers. The fifth generations of computers can perform millions of instructions in a second. Due to the higher performance capability, the speed of computation is very high. Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) was used for processing. The fifth generation of computers i.e. the supercomputers are very expensive due to its capability. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java etc. are used in this generation. Parallel processing hardware and the concept of Artificial Intelligence is introduced in the fifth generation of computers. Liked this article? Then please like our Facebook Page & stay connected with us.
- Types Of First Generation Computers
- Different Generations Characteristics
- Key Characteristics Of First Generation Computers Images
- Characteristics Of Generations Of Computer
The main Characteristics of a second generation computer are. Second generation computer machines were based on transistor technology. Second generation computers were smaller as compared to the first generation computers. The computational time of Second generation computers was reduced to microseconds from milliseconds. May 27, 2014 First generation computers were characterized by the fact that operating instructions were made-to-order for the specific task for which the computers was to be used. First Generation of mordern computer (1946 - 1954) The period of first generation was 1946 - 1954. Computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for Central Processing Unit.The first electronic computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and calculator) was developed in 1947 at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. Jan 23, 2016 History of Computer: from Mechanical computers to Analog Computers: After the mechanical computers, it was the time for the analog computers to rule the computing world. Characteristics of 1st generation computers Speed The Univac had a clock rate of 2.25MHz by clock rate we mean is number of clock ticks needed by a computer to complete one task. Usually expressed in MHz or GHz Fastest Computer The IBM-704, introduced in 1956 and considered one.
generations of computers to fulfill our need. In this article, we will discuss all the different generations of computers with details.Generations of computers :
Generations of computers are changing with time since it becomes commercially available during early 1950’s. Thereafter, many significant development stages have taken place to improve the efficiency and power of the computers. These stages of development of computers are termed as first, second, third, fourth and fifth generations of computers.First generations of computers (From 1946-1959) :
The following are the characteristics of first generation computers :
![Computers Computers](/uploads/1/2/6/0/126061459/415877616.jpg)
Second generations of computers (From 1959-1965):
The following are the characteristics of second generation computers :
Solid state electronic components such as transistor and diodes were used as the principal electronic components in the second generation of computers.Types Of First Generation Computers
Third generations of computers (From 1965-1971) :
The following are the characteristics of third generation computers :
Integrated Circuits (IC) were used as the principal electronic components in the third generation of computers.![Computers Computers](/uploads/1/2/6/0/126061459/599466612.png)
Fourth generations of computers (From 1971-1980) :
The following are the characteristics of fourth generation computers :
Fifth generations of computers (From 1980 - Now) :
The following are the characteristics of fifth generation computers :
Also Read: CPU and its components
Different Generations Characteristics
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,explain the features of generations of computers,generations of computers,generations of computers notesDebarshi Das is a passionate blogger & full-stack JavaScript developer from Guwahati, Assam. He has a deep interest in robotics too. He holds a BSc degree in Information Technology & currently pursuing Masters of Computer Application (MCA) from a premier govt. engineering college. He is also certified as a chip-level computer hardware expert from an ISO certified institute.You Might Also Like
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The period of fifth generation is 1980-till date. In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.
This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
Characteristics Of Generations Of Computer
AI includes −
- Robotics
- Neural Networks
- Game Playing
- Development of expert systems to make decisions in real-life situations
- Natural language understanding and generation
The main features of fifth generation are −
- ULSI technology
- Development of true artificial intelligence
- Development of Natural language processing
- Advancement in Parallel Processing
- Advancement in Superconductor technology
- More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
- Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
Some computer types of this generation are −
- Desktop
- Laptop
- NoteBook
- UltraBook
- ChromeBook